8. Subcontracted work and other external costs
(in millions of euros) | 2022 | 2021 |
Costs of subcontracted work | 42 | 54 |
Remediation costs | 93 | 85 |
Maintenance | 86 | 72 |
Automation costs | 210 | 180 |
Total | 431 | 391 |
The costs of subcontracted work are the costs relating to the execution of assignments by third parties that are not covered by the other items in this category.