26. Net financing result
(in millions of euros) | 2021 | 2020 |
Interest income from financial assets | 1 | 1 |
Exchange differences | 2 | - |
Other interest income | 1 | 38 |
Finance income | 4 | 39 |
Interest expense on financial liabilities measured at amortised cost | -10 | -10 |
Interest expense on lease liabilities | -21 | -34 |
Exchange differences | - | -3 |
Interest expense from discounting of provisions/other employee benefits | -5 | -4 |
Other financial expenses | -317 | -9 |
Finance expense | -353 | -60 |
Net finance result included in the income statement | -349 | -21 |
The increase in financing expenses in 2021 was mainly caused by the write-down of a participating interest and loans to zero, costs of restructuring and terminating a number of franchises and provisions made regarding guarantees and settlement of possible other liabilities related to the insolvency proceedings concerning Abellio Germany. The interest expense on lease liabilities in 2021 is substantially lower due to the deconsolidation of the German entities as of 30 June 2021.
The other financial income of €38 million in 2020 relates to changed estimates regarding future dividend cash flows payable in connection with the minority interest Abellio East Anglia Ltd (see note on minority interests).
Measurement basis
Finance income includes the interest income from monies invested, lease income, gains from the sale of available-for-sale financial assets and gains on hedging instruments that are recognised in the income statement. Interest income is recognised in the income statement as it accrues, using the effective interest method. Dividend income is recognised in the income statement when the right to the dividend payment is established.
Finance expenses include the interest expenses on borrowings, lease contracts, interest accrual on provisions and losses on hedging instruments that are recognised in the income statement. All borrowing costs that are not directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are recognised in the income statement using the effective interest method. No borrowing costs were capitalised in 2021 or 2020.
Exchange rate gains and losses are included in the finance income and expense respectively.