10. Deferred income tax
The movement of deferred tax assets and liabilities is as follows:
(in millions of euros) | Net balance as at 1 January 2021 | Recognised in income statement | Recognised in other comprehensive income | Other movements/ deconsolidation | Net positions | Deferred tax assets | Deferred tax liabilities |
Positions as at 31 December 2021 | |||||||
Property, plant and equipment | 22 | 276 | - | - | 298 | 322 | 24 |
Intangible assets | -17 | 61 | - | -17 | 27 | 27 | - |
Right-of-use assets | -500 | 328 | - | - | -172 | -160 | 12 |
Financial fixed assets | -6 | 8 | -5 | - | -3 | 5 | 8 |
Receivables | -2 | - | - | - | -2 | 3 | 5 |
Provisions | 5 | -3 | - | - | 2 | 2 | - |
Deferred credits | 18 | -29 | - | 4 | -7 | -6 | 1 |
Loans and other financial liabilities | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Lease liabilities | 502 | -324 | - | 2 | 180 | 180 | - |
Other items | 3 | -1 | - | 1 | 3 | 3 | - |
Loss set-off | 15 | 39 | - | -15 | 39 | 39 | - |
Deferred tax assets (liabilities) | 40 | 355 | -5 | -25 | 365 | 415 | 50 |
Set-off of receivables and liabilities | -48 | -48 | |||||
Deferred tax assets (liabilities) after set-off | 367 | 2 | |||||
(in millions of euros) | Net balance as at 1 January 2020 | Recognised in income statement | Recognised in other comprehensive income | Other movements | Net positions | Deferred tax assets | Deferred tax liabilities |
Positions as at 31 December 2020 | |||||||
Property, plant and equipment | 84 | (62) | - | - | 22 | 45 | 23 |
Intangible assets | (19) | 2 | - | - | (17) | - | 17 |
Right-of-use assets | (444) | (56) | - | - | (500) | (461) | 39 |
Financial fixed assets | (3) | (4) | - | 1 | (6) | 1 | 7 |
Receivables | - | (2) | - | - | (2) | 4 | 6 |
Provisions | 3 | 2 | - | - | 5 | 5 | - |
Deferred credits | 38 | (20) | - | - | 18 | 19 | 1 |
Loans and other financial liabilities | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Lease liabilities | 450 | 50 | - | 2 | 502 | 502 | - |
Other items | 3 | (1) | - | 1 | 3 | 3 | - |
Loss set-off | 36 | (21) | 15 | 15 | - | ||
Deferred tax assets (liabilities) | 148 | (112) | - | 4 | 40 | 133 | 93 |
Set-off of receivables and liabilities* | (92) | (92) | |||||
Deferred tax assets (liabilities) after set-off | 41 | 1 |
- * Adjusted for comparison purposes
As of 2021, the tax losses accumulated up to and including 2021 can be carried forward indefinitely in time, with only 50% per year being carried forward insofar as the taxed profit exceeds € 1 million. As a result, a review of projected profits for the years up to and including 2024 and projected profits for the term of the new franchise has led to an upward revaluation of the tax asset temporary differences and losses offset against tax in the amount of €367 million. The total amount of recognised deferred tax assets in the Netherlands is €340 million. See note 9 for an explanation of the tax burden.
At the end of 2020, the Group impaired deferred tax assets for temporary differences and losses offset against tax of the fiscal unity in the Netherlands due to insufficient projected profits over the period of loss set-off (six years) for an amount of €525 million.
The tax deductibility of the termination payments in the United Kingdom has been assessed and a partial tax asset recognised in 2021.
Unrecognised deferred tax assets
Deferred tax assets have not been recognised in respect of the following items because it is unlikely that future taxable profits will be available against which the Group can utilise the benefits. Unrecognised deferred tax assets by country are as follows:
(in millions of euros) | Offsettable losses | Temporary differences | Total |
The Netherlands | - | 252 | 252 |
United Kingdom | - | - | - |
Germany | - | - | - |
Total | - | 252 | 252 |
Measurement basis
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are formed for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the tax base of those items. The calculation is based on the tax rates expected to apply when the temporary differences are reversed, based on the tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax assets, including those resulting from the carry-forward of losses, are measured if it is likely that sufficient taxable profit will be available with which to offset losses and make use of settlement possibilities.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if the entity has a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities; and the deferred tax assets and the deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on the same taxable entity.